Here Are The Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

Exercise: 13.1

1. 2 cubes each of volume 64 cm³ are joined end to end. Find the surface area of the resulting cuboid.

Answer:

The diagram is given as:

Given,

The Volume (V) of each cube is = 64 cm³

This implies that a³ = 64 cm³

∴ a = 4 cm

Now, the side of the cube = a = 4 cm

Also, the length and breadth of the resulting cuboid will be 4 cm each, while its height will be 8 cm.

So, the surface area of the cuboid = 2(lb+bh+lh)

= 2(8×4+4×4+4×8) cm²

= 2(32+16+32) cm²

= (2×80) cm² = 160 cm²

 

2. A vessel is in the form of a hollow hemisphere mounted by a hollow cylinder. The diameter of the hemisphere is 14 cm, and the total height of the vessel is 13 cm. Find the inner surface area of the vessel.

Answer:

The diagram is as follows:

Now, the given parameters are:

The diameter of the hemisphere = D = 14 cm

The radius of the hemisphere = r = 7 cm

Also, the height of the cylinder = h = (13-7) = 6 cm

And the radius of the hollow hemisphere = 7 cm

Now, the inner surface area of the vessel = CSA of the cylindrical part + CSA of the hemispherical part

(2πrh+2πr²) cm² = 2πr(h+r) cm²

2×(22/7)×7(6+7) cm² = 572 cm²

 

3. A toy is in the form of a cone of radius 3.5 cm mounted on a hemisphere of the same radius. The total height of the toy is 15.5 cm. Find the total surface area of the toy.

Answer:

The diagram is as follows:

Given that the radius of the cone and the hemisphere (r) = 3.5 cm or 7/2 cm

The total height of the toy is given as 15.5 cm.

So, the height of the cone (h) = 15.5-3.5 = 12 cm

∴ The curved surface area of the cone = πrl

(22/7)×(7/2)×(25/2) = 275/2 cm²

Also, the curved surface area of the hemisphere = 2πr²

2×(22/7)×(7/2)²

= 77 cm²

Now, the Total surface area of the toy = CSA of the cone + CSA of the hemisphere

= (275/2)+77 cm²

= (275+154)/2 cm²

= 429/2 cm² = 214.5cm²

So, the total surface area (TSA) of the toy is 214.5cm²

 

4. A cubical block of side 7 cm is surmounted by a hemisphere. What is the greatest diameter the hemisphere can have? Find the surface area of the solid.

Answer:

It is given that each side of the cube is 7 cm. So, the radius will be 7/2 cm.

We know,

The total surface area of solid (TSA) = surface area of the cubical block + CSA of the hemisphere – Area of the base of the hemisphere

∴ TSA of solid = 6×(side)²+2πr²-πr²

= 6×(side)²+πr²

= 6×(7)²+(22/7)×(7/2)×(7/2)

= (6×49)+(77/2)

= 294+38.5 = 332.5 cm²

So, the surface area of the solid is 332.5 cm²

 

Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

5. A hemispherical depression is cut out from one face of a cubical wooden block such that the diameter l of the hemisphere is equal to the edge of the cube. Determine the surface area of the remaining solid.

Answer:

The diagram is as follows:

Now, the diameter of the hemisphere = Edge of the cube = l

So, the radius of the hemisphere = l/2

∴ The total surface area of solid = surface area of cube + CSA of the hemisphere – Area of the base of the hemisphere

The surface area of the remaining solid = 6 (edge)²+2πr²-πr²

= 6l² + πr²

= 6l²+π(l/2)²

= 6l²+πl²/4

= l²/4(24+π) sq. units

 

6. A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with two hemispheres stuck to each of its ends. The length of the entire capsule is 14 mm, and the diameter of the capsule is 5 mm. Find its surface area.

Answer:

Two hemispheres and one cylinder are shown in the figure given below.

Here, the diameter of the capsule = 5 mm

∴ Radius = 5/2 = 2.5 mm

Now, the length of the capsule = 14 mm

So, the length of the cylinder = 14-(2.5+2.5) = 9 mm

∴ The surface area of a hemisphere = 2πr² = 2×(22/7)×2.5×2.5

= 275/7 mm²

Now, the surface area of the cylinder = 2πrh

= 2×(22/7)×2.5×9

(22/7)×45 = 990/7 mm²

Thus, the required surface area of the medicine capsule will be

= 2×surface area of hemisphere + surface area of the cylinder

= (2×275/7) × 990/7

= (550/7) + (990/7) = 1540/7 = 220 mm²

 

7. A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top. If the height and diameter of the cylindrical part are 2.1 m and 4 m, respectively, and the slant height of the top is 2.8 m, find the area of the canvas used for making the tent. Also, find the cost of the canvas of the tent at the rate of Rs 500 per m². (Note that the base of the tent will not be covered with canvas.)

Answer:

It is known that a tent is a combination of a cylinder and a cone.

From the question, we know that

Diameter = 4 m

The slant height of the cone (l) = 2.8 m

Radius of the cone (r) = Radius of cylinder = 4/2 = 2 m

Height of the cylinder (h) = 2.1 m

So, the required surface area of the tent = surface area of the cone + surface area of the cylinder

= πrl+2πrh

= πr(l+2h)

= (22/7)×2(2.8+2×2.1)

= (44/7)(2.8+4.2)

= (44/7)×7 = 44 m²

∴ The cost of the canvas of the tent at the rate of ₹500 per m² will be

= Surface area × cost per m²

44×500 = ₹22000

So, Rs. 22000 will be the total cost of the canvas.

 

8. From a solid cylinder whose height is 2.4 cm and diameter is 1.4 cm, a conical cavity of the

same height and same diameter is hollowed out. Find the total surface area of the

remaining solid to the nearest cm².

Answer:

The diagram for the question is as follows:

From the question, we know the following:

The diameter of the cylinder = diameter of conical cavity = 1.4 cm

So, the radius of the cylinder = radius of the conical cavity = 1.4/2 = 0.7

Also, the height of the cylinder = height of the conical cavity = 2.4 cm

Now, the TSA of the remaining solid = surface area of conical cavity + TSA of the cylinder

= πrl+(2πrh+πr²)

= πr(l+2h+r)

= (22/7)× 0.7(2.5+4.8+0.7)

= 2.2×8 = 17.6 cm²

So, the total surface area of the remaining solid is 17.6 cm²

Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

Exercise: 13.2

1. A solid is in the shape of a cone standing on a hemisphere, with both their radii being equal to 1 cm and the height of the cone being equal to its radius. Find the volume of the solid in terms of π.

Solution:

Here r = 1 cm and h = 1 cm.

The diagram is as follows.

Now, Volume of solid = Volume of conical part + Volume of hemispherical part

We know the volume of cone = ⅓ πr²h

And,

The volume of the hemisphere = ⅔πr³

So, the volume of the solid will be

= π cm³

 

2. Rachel, an engineering student, was asked to make a model shaped like a cylinder with two cones attached at its two ends by using a thin aluminium sheet. The diameter of the model is 3 cm, and its length is 12 cm. If each cone has a height of 2 cm, find the volume of air contained in the model that Rachel made. (Assume the outer and inner dimensions of the model are nearly the same.)

Solution:

Given,

Height of cylinder = 12–4 = 8 cm

Radius = 1.5 cm

Height of cone = 2 cm

Now, the total volume of the air contained will be = Volume of cylinder+2×(Volume of the cone)

∴ Total volume = πr²h+[2×(⅓ πr²h )]

= 18 π+2(1.5 π)

= 66 cm³.

 

3. A gulab jamun contains sugar syrup up to about 30% of its volume. Find approximately how much syrup would be found in 45 gulab jamuns, each shaped like a cylinder with two hemispherical ends with a length of 5 cm and a diameter of 2.8 cm (see figure).

Solution:

It is known that the gulab jamuns are similar to a cylinder with two hemispherical ends.

So, the total height of a gulab jamun = 5 cm.

Diameter = 2.8 cm

So, radius = 1.4 cm

∴ The height of the cylindrical part = 5 cm–(1.4+1.4) cm

=2.2 cm

Now, the total volume of one gulab jamun = Volume of cylinder + Volume of two hemispheres

= πr²h+(4/3)πr³

= 4.312π+(10.976/3) π

= 25.05 cm³

We know that the volume of sugar syrup = 30% of the total volume

So, the volume of sugar syrup in 45 gulab jamuns = 45×30%(25.05 cm³)

= 45×7.515 = 338.184 cm³

 

4. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of a cuboid with four conical depressions to hold pens. The dimensions of the cuboid are 15 cm by 10 cm by 3.5 cm. The radius of each of the depressions is 0.5 cm, and the depth is 1.4 cm. Find the volume of wood in the entire stand (see Fig.).

Solution:

The volume of the cuboid = length x width x height

We know the cuboid’s dimensions as 15 cmx10 cmx3.5 cm

So, the volume of the cuboid = 15x10x3.5 = 525 cm³

Here, depressions are like cones, and we know,

Volume of cone = (⅓)πr²h

Given, radius (r) = 0.5 cm and depth (h) = 1.4 cm

∴ Volume of 4 cones = 4x(⅓)πr²h

= 1.46 cm²

Now, the volume of wood = Volume of the cuboid – 4 x volume of the cone

= 525-1.46 = 523.54 cm²

 

Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

5. A vessel is in the form of an inverted cone. Its height is 8 cm and the radius of its top, which is open, is 5 cm. It is filled with water up to the brim. When lead shots, each of which is a sphere of radius 0.5 cm, are dropped into the vessel, one-fourth of the water flows out. Find the number of lead shots dropped in the vessel.

Solution:

For the cone,

Radius = 5 cm,

Height = 8 cm

Also,

Radius of sphere = 0.5 cm

The diagram will be like

It is known that,

The volume of the cone = volume of water in the cone

= ⅓πr²h = (200/3)π cm³

Now,

Total volume of water overflown= (¼)×(200/3) π =(50/3)π

The volume of lead shot

= (4/3)πr³

= (1/6) π

Now,

The number of lead shots = Total volume of water overflown/Volume of lead shot

= (50/3)π/(⅙)π

= (50/3)×6 = 100

 

6. A solid iron pole consists of a cylinder of height 220 cm and base diameter 24 cm, which is surmounted by another cylinder of height 60 cm and radius 8 cm. Find the mass of the pole, given that 1 cm³ of iron has approximately 8 g mass.

Solution:

Given the height of the big cylinder (H) = 220 cm

The radius of the base (R) = 24/2 = 12 cm

So, the volume of the big cylinder = πR²H

= π(12)² × 220 cm³

= 99565.8 cm³

Now, the height of the smaller cylinder (h) = 60 cm

The radius of the base (r) = 8 cm

So, the volume of the smaller cylinder = πr²h

= π(8)²×60 cm³

= 12068.5 cm³

∴ The volume of iron = Volume of the big cylinder+ Volume of the small cylinder

= 99565.8 + 12068.5

=111634.5 cm³

We know,

Mass = Density x volume

So, the mass of the pole = 8×111634.5

= 893 Kg (approx.)

 

7. A solid consisting of a right circular cone of height 120 cm and radius 60 cm standing on a hemisphere of radius 60 cm is placed upright in a right circular cylinder full of water such that it touches the bottom. Find the volume of water left in the cylinder if the radius of the cylinder is 60 cm and its height is 180 cm.

Solution:

Here, the volume of water left will be = Volume of the cylinder – Volume of solid

Given,

Radius of cone = 60 cm,

Height of cone = 120 cm

Radius of cylinder = 60 cm

Height of cylinder = 180 cm

Radius of hemisphere = 60 cm

Now,

The total volume of solid = Volume of Cone + Volume of the hemisphere

Volume of cone = 1/3πr²h = 1/3 × π×60²×120cm³ = 144×10³π cm³

Volume of hemisphere = (⅔)×π×60³ cm³ = 144×10³π cm³

So, total volume of solid =  144×10³π cm³ + 144×10³π cm³ = 288 ×10³π cm³

Volume of cylinder = π×60²×180 = 648000 = 648×10³ π cm³

Now, the volume of water left will be = Volume of the cylinder – Volume of solid

= (648-288) × 10³×π = 1.131 m³

 

8. A spherical glass vessel has a cylindrical neck 8 cm long and 2 cm in diameter; the diameter of the spherical part is 8.5 cm. By measuring the amount of water it holds, a child finds its volume to be 345 cm³. Check whether she is correct, taking the above as the inside measurements and π = 3.14.

Solution:

Given,

For the cylinder part, Height (h) = 8 cm and Radius (R) = (2/2) cm = 1 cm

For the spherical part, Radius (r) = (8.5/2) = 4.25 cm

Now, volume of this vessel = Volume of cylinder + Volume of sphere

= π×(1)²×8+(4/3)π(4.25)³

= 346.51 cm³

Hence, the child’s calculation is not correct.

 

Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

Exercise: 13.3 

1. A metallic sphere of radius 4.2 cm is melted and recast into the shape of a cylinder of radius 6 cm. Find the height of the cylinder.

Solution:

It is given that radius of the sphere (R) = 4.2 cm

Also, the radius of the cylinder (r) = 6 cm

Now, let the height of the cylinder = h

It is given that the sphere is melted into a cylinder.

So, the volume of the sphere = Volume of the cylinder

∴ (4/3)×π×R³ = π×r²×h.

h = 2.74 cm

 

2. Metallic spheres of radii 6 cm, 8 cm, and 10 cm, respectively, are melted to form a single solid sphere. Find the radius of the resulting sphere.

Solution:

For Sphere 1:

Radius (r₁) = 6 cm

∴ Volume (V₁) = (4/3)×π×r₁³

For Sphere 2:

Radius (r₂) = 8 cm

∴ Volume (V₂) = (4/3)×π×r₂³

For Sphere 3:

Radius (r₃) = 10 cm

∴ Volume (V₃) = (4/3)× π× r₃³

Also, let the radius of the resulting sphere be “r”

Now,

The volume of the resulting sphere = V₁+V₂+V₃

(4/3)×π×r³ = (4/3)×π×r₁³+(4/3)×π×r₂³ +(4/3)×π×r₃³

r³ = 6³+8³+10³

r³ = 1728

r = 12 cm

 

3. A 20 m deep well with a diameter of 7 m is dug, and the earth from digging is evenly spread out to form a platform 22 m by 14 m. Find the height of the platform.

Solution:

It is given that the shape of the well is the shape of a cylinder with a diameter of 7 m

So, radius = 7/2 m

Also, Depth (h) = 20 m

The volume of the earth dug out will be equal to the volume of the cylinder

Let the height of the platform = H

The volume of soil from the well (cylinder) = Volume of soil used to make such a platform

π×r²×h = Area of platform × Height of the platform

We know that the dimension of the platform is = 22×14

So, the Area of the platform = 22×14 m²

∴ π×r²×h = 22×14×H

⇒ H = 2.5 m

 

4. A well of diameter 3 m is dug 14 m deep. The earth taken out of it has been spread evenly all around it in the shape of a circular ring of width 4 m to form an embankment. Find the height of the embankment.

Solution:

The shape of the well will be cylindrical, as given below.

Given, depth (h₁) of well = 14 m

Diameter of the circular end of the well =3 m

So, Radius (r₁) = 3/2 m

Width of the embankment = 4 m

From the figure, it can be said that the embankment will be a cylinder having an outer radius (r₂) as 4+(3/2) = 11/2 m and an inner radius (r₁) as 3/2m

Now, let the height of the embankment be h₂

∴ The volume of soil dug from the well = Volume of earth used to form the embankment

π×r₁²×h₁ = π×(r₂²-r₁²) × h₂

Solving this, we get,

The height of the embankment (h₂) is 1.125 m.

 

Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

5. A container shaped like a right circular cylinder having a diameter of 12 cm and a height of 15 cm is full of ice cream. The ice cream is to be filled into cones of height 12 cm and diameter 6 cm, having a hemispherical shape on the top. Find the number of such cones which can be filled with ice cream.

Solution:

The number of cones will be = Volume of cylinder/Volume of ice cream cone

For the cylinder part,

Radius = 12/2 = 6 cm

Height = 15 cm

∴ Volume of cylinder = π×r²×h = 540π

For the ice cone part,

Radius of conical part = 6/2 = 3 cm

Height = 12 cm

Radius of hemispherical part = 6/2 = 3 cm

Now,

The volume of the ice cream cone = Volume of the conical part + Volume of the hemispherical part

= (⅓)×π×r²×h+(⅔)×π×r³

= 36π +18π

= 54π

∴ Number of cones = (540π/54π)

= 10

 

6. How many silver coins, 1.75 cm in diameter and of thickness 2 mm, must be melted to form a cuboid of dimensions 5.5 cm × 10 cm × 3.5 cm?

Solution:

It is known that the coins are cylindrical in shape.

So, height (h₁) of the cylinder = 2 mm = 0.2 cm

Radius (r) of circular end of coins = 1.75/2 = 0.875 cm

Now, the number of coins to be melted to form the required cuboids be “n”

So, Volume of n coins = Volume of cuboids

n × π × r² × h₁ = l × b × h

n×π×(0.875)²×0.2 = 5.5×10×3.5

Or, n = 400

 

7. A cylindrical bucket, 32 cm high and with a radius of a base of 18 cm, is filled with sand. This bucket is emptied on the ground, and a conical heap of sand is formed. If the height of the conical heap is 24 cm, find the radius and slant height of the heap.

Solution:

The diagram will be as-

Given,

Height (h₁) of cylindrical part of the bucket = 32 cm

Radius (r₁) of circular end of the bucket = 18 cm

Height of the conical heap ((h₂) = 24 cm

Now, let “r₂” be the radius of the circular end of the conical heap.

We know that the volume of the sand in the cylindrical bucket will be equal to the volume of sand in the conical heap.

∴ The volume of sand in the cylindrical bucket = Volume of sand in the conical heap

π×r₁²×h₁ = (⅓)×π×r₂²×h₂

π×18²×32 = (⅓)×π ×r₂²×24

Or, r₂= 36 cm

And,

Slant height (l) = √(36²+24²) = 12√13 cm.

 

8. Water in a canal, 6 m wide and 1.5 m deep, flows at a speed of 10 km/h. How much area will it irrigate in 30 minutes if 8 cm of standing water is needed?

Solution:

It is given that the canal is the shape of a cuboid with dimensions as:

Breadth (b) = 6 m and Height (h) = 1.5 m

It is also given that

The speed of canal = 10 km/hr

Length of canal covered in 1 hour = 10 km

Length of canal covered in 60 minutes = 10 km

Length of canal covered in 1 min = (1/60)x10 km

Length of canal covered in 30 min (l) = (30/60)x10 = 5km = 5000 m

We know that the canal is cuboidal in shape. So,

The volume of the canal = lxbxh

= 5000x6x1.5 m³

= 45000 m³

Now,

The volume of water in the canal = Volume of area irrigated

= Area irrigated x Height

So, Area irrigated = 56.25 hectares

∴ The volume of the canal = lxbxh

45000 = Area irrigatedx8 cm

45000 = Area irrigated x (8/100)m

Or, Area irrigated = 562500 m² = 56.25 hectares.

 

9. A farmer connects a pipe of internal diameter 20 cm from a canal into a cylindrical tank in her field, which is 10 m in diameter and 2 m deep. If water flows through the pipe at the rate of 3 km/h, in how much time will the tank be filled?

Solution:

Consider the following diagram-

The volume of water that flows in t minutes from pipe = t×0.5π m³

Radius (r₂) of circular end of cylindrical tank =10/2 = 5 m

Depth (h₂) of cylindrical tank = 2 m

Let the tank be filled completely in t minutes.

The volume of water filled in the tank in t minutes is equal to the volume of water flowed in t minutes from the pipe.

The volume of water that flows in t minutes from pipe = Volume of water in tank

t×0.5π = π×r₂²×h₂

Or, t = 100 minutes

 

Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

Exercise: 13.4 

1. A drinking glass is in the shape of a frustum of a cone of height 14 cm. The diameters of its two circular ends are 4 cm and 2 cm. Find the capacity of the glass.

Solution:

Radius (r₁) of the upper base = 4/2 = 2 cm

Radius (r₂) of lower the base = 2/2 = 1 cm

Height = 14 cm

Now, the capacity of glass = Volume of the frustum of the cone

So, Capacity of glass = (⅓)×π×h(r₁²+r₂²+r₁r₂)

= (⅓)×π×(14)(2²+1²+ (2)(1))

∴ The capacity of the glass = 102×(⅔) cm³

 

2. The slant height of a frustum of a cone is 4 cm, and the perimeters (circumference) of its circular ends are 18 cm and 6 cm. Find the surface area of the frustum.

Solution:

Given,

Slant height (l) = 4 cm

Circumference of upper circular end of the frustum = 18 cm

∴ 2πr₁ = 18

Or, r₁ = 9/π

Similarly, the circumference of the lower end of the frustum = 6 cm

∴ 2πr₂ = 6

Or, r₂ = 3/π

Now, the surface area of the frustum = π(r₁+r₂) × l

= π(9/π+3/π) × 4

= 12×4 = 48 cm²

 

3. A fez, the cap used by the Turks, is shaped like the frustum of a cone (see Fig.). If its radius on the open side is 10 cm, the radius at the upper base is 4 cm, and its slant height is 15 cm, find the area of material used for making it.

Solution:

Given,

For the lower circular end, radius (r₁) = 10 cm

For the upper circular end, radius (r₂) = 4 cm

Slant height (l) of frustum = 15 cm

Now,

The area of material to be used for making the fez = CSA of frustum + Area of the upper circular end

CSA of frustum = π(r₁+r₂)×l

= 210π

And, the Area of the upper circular end = πr₂²

= 16π

The area of material to be used for making the fez = 210π + 16π = (226 x 22)/7 = 710 2/7

∴ The area of material used = 710 2/7 cm²

 

4. A container, opened from the top and made up of a metal sheet, is in the form of a frustum of a cone of height 16 cm with radii of its lower and upper ends as 8 cm and 20 cm, respectively. Find the cost of the milk which can completely fill the container at the rate of Rs. 20 per litre. Also, find the cost of the metal sheet used to make the container if it costs Rs. 8 per 100 cm².

Solution:

Given,

r₁ = 20 cm,

r₂ = 8 cm and

h = 16 cm

∴ Volume of the frustum = (⅓)×π×h(r₁²+r₂²+r₁r₂)

= 1/3 ×3.14 ×16((20)²+(8)²+(20)(8))

= 1/3 ×3.14 ×16(400 + 64 + 160) = 10449.92 cm³ = 10.45 lit

It is given that the rate of milk = Rs. 20/liter

So, the cost of milk = 20×volume of the frustum

= 20×10.45

= Rs. 209

Now, the slant height will be

l = 20 cm

So, CSA of the container = π(r₁+r₂)×l

= 1758.4 cm²

Hence, the total metal that would be required to make the container will be = 1758.4 + (Area of the bottom circle)

= 1758.4+πr² = 1758.4+π(8)²

= 1758.4+201 = 1959.4 cm²

∴ Total cost of metal = Rs. (8/100) × 1959.4 = Rs. 157

 

Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

5. A metallic right circular cone 20 cm high and whose vertical angle is 60° is cut into two parts at the middle of its height by a plane parallel to its base. If the frustum so obtained is drawn into a wire of diameter 1/16 cm, find the length of the wire.

Solution:

The diagram will be as follows

Consider AEG

Radius (r₁) of upper end of frustum = (10√3)/3 cm

Radius (r₂) of lower end of container = (20√3)/3 cm

Height (r₃) of container = 10 cm

Now,

Volume of the frustum = (⅓)×π×h(r₁²+r₂²+r₁r₂)

Solving this, we get

Volume of the frustum = 22000/9 cm³

The radius (r) of wire = (1/16)×(½) = 1/32 cm

Now,

Let the length of the wire be “l”.

The volume of wire = Area of cross-section x Length

= (πr²)xl

= π(1/32)²x l

Now, Volume of frustum = Volume of wire

22000/9 = (22/7)x(1/32)²x l

Solving this, we get,

l = 7964.44 m

 

Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

Exercise: 13.5 (Optional)

1. A copper wire, 3 mm in diameter, is wound about a cylinder whose length is 12 cm, and diameter 10 cm, so as to cover the curved surface of the cylinder. Find the length and mass of the wire, assuming the density of copper to be 8.88 g per cm³.

Solution:

Given that,

Diameter of cylinder = 10 cm

So, the radius of the cylinder (r) = 10/2 cm = 5 cm

∴ Length of wire in completely one round = 2πr = 3.14×5 cm = 31.4 cm

It is given that diameter of wire = 3 mm = 3/10 cm

∴ The thickness of the cylinder covered in one round = 3/10 m

Hence, the number of turns (rounds) of the wire to cover 12 cm will be

Now, the length of wire required to cover the whole surface = length of wire required to complete 40 rounds

40 x 31.4 cm = 1256 cm

Radius of the wire = 0.3/2 = 0.15 cm

The volume of wire = Area of the cross-section of wire × Length of wire

= π(0.15)²×1257.14

= 88.898 cm³

We know,

Mass = Volume × Density

= 88.898×8.88

= 789.41 gm

 

2. A right triangle whose sides are 3 cm and 4 cm (other than the hypotenuse) is made to revolve about its hypotenuse. Find the volume and surface area of the double cone so formed. (Choose the value of π as found appropriate)

Solution:

Draw the diagram as follows:

Let us consider the ABA

Here,

AS = 3 cm, AC = 4 cm

So, Hypotenuse BC = 5 cm

We have got 2 cones on the same base AA’ where the radius = DA or DA’

Now, AD/CA = AB/CB

By putting the value of CA, AB, and CB, we get,

AD = 2/5 cm

We also know,

DB/AB = AB/CB

So, DB = 9/5 cm

As, CD = BC-DB,

CD = 16/5 cm

Now, the volume of the double cone will be

Solving this, we get

V = 30.14 cm³

The surface area of the double cone will be

= 52.75 cm²

 

3. A cistern, internally measuring 150 cm × 120 cm × 100 cm, has 129600 cm³ of water in it. Porous bricks are placed in the water until the cistern is full to the brim. Each brick absorbs one-seventeenth of its own volume of water. How many bricks can be put in without overflowing the water, each being 22.5 cm × 7.5 cm × 6.5 cm?

Solution:

Given that the dimension of the cistern = 150 × 120 × 110

So, volume = 1980000 cm³

Volume to be filled in cistern = 1980000 – 129600

= 1850400 cm³

Now, let the number of bricks placed to be “n”

So, the volume of n bricks will be = n×22.5×7.5×6.5

Now, as each brick absorbs one-seventeenth of its volume, the volume will be

= n/(17)×(22.5×7.5×6.5)

For the condition given in the question,

The volume of n bricks has to be equal to the volume absorbed by n bricks + the volume to be filled in the cistern

Or, n×22.5×7.5×6.5 = 1850400+n/(17)×(22.5×7.5×6.5)

Solving this, we get

n = 1792.41

 

4. In one fortnight of a given month, there was a rainfall of 10 cm in a river valley. If the area of the valley is 7280 km², show that the total rainfall was approximately equivalent to the addition to the normal water of three rivers, each 1072 km long, 75 m wide and 3 m deep.

Solution:

From the question, it is clear that

Total volume of 3 rivers = 3×[(Surface area of a river)×Depth]

Given,

Surface area of a river = [1072×(75/1000)] km

And,

Depth = (3/1000) km

Now, volume of 3 rivers = 3×[1072×(75/1000)]×(3/1000)

= 0.7236 km³

Now, the volume of rainfall = total surface area × total height of rain

= 0.7280 km³

For the total rainfall to be approximately equivalent to the addition to the normal water of three rivers, the volume of rainfall has to be equal to the volume of 3 rivers.

But, 0.7280 km³ = 0.7236 km³

So, the question statement is true.

 

Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

5. An oil funnel made of a tin sheet consists of a 10 cm long cylindrical portion attached to a frustum of a cone. If the total height is 22 cm, the diameter of the cylindrical portion is 8 cm, and the diameter of the top of the funnel is 18 cm, find the area of the tin sheet required to make the funnel (see Fig.).

Solution:

Given,

Diameter of the upper circular end of the frustum part = 18 cm

So, radius (r₁) = 9 cm

Now, the radius of the lower circular end of the frustum (r₂) will be equal to the radius of the circular end of the cylinder

So, r₂ = 8/2 = 4 cm

Now, height (h₁) of the frustum section = 22 – 10 = 12 cm

And,

Height (h₂) of cylindrical section = 10 cm (given)

Now, the slant height will be

Or, l = 13 cm

Area of tin sheet required = CSA of frustum part + CSA of the cylindrical part

= π(r₁+r₂)l+2πr₂h₂

Solving this, we get

Area of tin sheet required = 782 4/7 cm²

 

6. Derive the formula for the curved surface area and total surface area of the frustum of a cone, given to you in Section 13.5, using the symbols as explained.

Solution:

Consider the diagram

Let ABC be a cone. From the cone, the frustum DECB is cut by a plane parallel to its base. Here, r₁ and r₂ are the radii of the frustum ends of the cone, and h is the frustum height.

Now, consider the ΔABG and ΔADF,

Here, DF||BG

So, ΔABG ~ ΔADF

Now, by rearranging, we get

The total surface area of the frustum will be equal to the total CSA of the frustum + the area of the upper circular end + the area of the lower circular end

= π(r₁+r₂)l+πr₂²+πr₁²

∴ Surface area of frustum = π[(r₁+r₂)l+r₁²+r₂²]

 

7. Derive the formula for the volume of the frustum of a cone.

Solution:

Consider the same diagram as the previous question.

Now, approach the question in the same way as the previous one and prove that

ΔABG ~ ΔADF

Again,

Now, rearrange them in terms of h and h₁

The total volume of the frustum of the cone will be = Volume of cone ABC – Volume of cone ADE

= (⅓)πr₁²h₁ -(⅓)πr₂²(h₁ – h)

= (π/3)[r₁²h₁-r₂²(h₁ – h)]

Now, solving this, we get

∴ The volume of frustum of the cone = (⅓)πh(r₁²+r₂²+r₁r₂)

 

Ncert Solution For Class 10 Maths Chapter 13 – Surface Areas and Volumes

For the Next Chapter Solution Click Below

CHAPTER 01 – Real Numbers

CHAPTER 02 – Polynomials

CHAPTER 03 –  Linear Equations In Two Variables

CHAPTER 04 – Quadratic Equations

CHAPTER 05 – Arithmetic Progressions

CHAPTER 06 – Triangle

CHAPTER 07 – Coordinate Geometry

CHAPTER 08 – Introduction To Trigonometry

CHAPTER 09 – Some Applications Of Trigonometry

CHAPTER 10 –  Circles

CHAPTER 11 – Constructions

CHAPTER 12 – Areas Related To Circles

CHAPTER 13 – Surface Areas And Volumes

CHAPTER 14 – Statistics

CHAPTER 15 – Probability

 

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