NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 6 – “Work, Life and Leisure” provides detailed answers to all the questions in the chapter. This chapter focuses on the social and economic transformations in cities like London and Bombay (now Mumbai) during the 19th and 20th centuries as industrialization and urbanization took root. It explores the changing lifestyles, working conditions, and leisure activities of people in these rapidly growing urban centers.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6 – Work, Life and Leisure

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

Write in Brief

Give two reasons why the population of London expanded from the middle of the eighteenth century.

Ans: The two factors listed below explain why Landon’s population began to grow in the middle of the eighteenth century:
• Due to its industries and dockyards, London served as a draw for people looking to migrate. In England and Wales, one in nine people lived in London by 1750. Consequently, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, London’s population grew. London started manufacturing automobiles and electrical goods during World War I. This led to an increase in the number of large factories and, consequently, in the number of people seeking employment in the city.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

What were the changes in the kind of work available to women in London between the nineteenth and the twentieth century? Explain the factors which led to this change.

Ans: Industrial and technological advancements played a major role in shaping the kinds of jobs that were available to women in London during the 19th and 20th centuries. The number of domestic servants increased as a result of women being compelled to work in homes for a living. A few women started making money by making matchboxes, tailoring, cleaning clothes, and renting out rooms. However, women were allowed to return to the industrial sector when the First World War broke out.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

How does the existence of a large urban population affect each of the following? Illustrate with historical examples.

(a) A private landlord

Ans: Since he has more control over prices, a private landlord benefits from raising the rent. The demand for space increased along with the population, as evidenced by the high frequency of expensive building rentals in London and Bombay.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

(b) A Police Superintendent in charge of law and order

Ans: As urban populations increased, challenges for those concerned with law and order would arise. Since crime rates are usually high in cities, he would have to put in a lot of effort to maintain law and order. For example, in London, people hired police to combat an increase in nighttime crime.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

(c) A leader of a political party

Ans: There would be more voters, which would mean more responsibility for political leaders. As demonstrated by London’s Bloody Sunday in November 1887, large numbers of people could be mobilised for political causes in urban areas. The urban environment would, on the one hand, force him or her to be more liberal and secular. Conversely, extremes like conservatism or nazism could help them win support because they are reactionary movements, like the rise of the Liberal Democrats in France or the Nazis in Germany.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

Give explanations for the following:

(a) Why well-off Londoners supported the need to build housing for the poor in the nineteenth century.

Ans: Three reasons led affluent Londoners to support the need for housing for the impoverished in the nineteenth century:

The overcrowding, inadequate ventilation, and unhygienic conditions of the poor people’s one-room cottages were seen as a breeding ground for diseases and a threat to public health;
Fire hazards were a concern.
The fear of social disintegration was pervasive, especially after the 1917 Russian Revolution. Housing programmes were put in place to stop a poor revolt.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

(b) Why were a number of Bombay films about the lives of migrants?

Ans: Bombay gained popularity as a job destination after the British government chose to replace Surat as its primary western port with Bombay. There was a significant influx of people as a result of the growth in trade and industry. Migrants were therefore—and still are—a vital component of Bombay. Since most members of the film industry were themselves immigrants, they hoped to draw attention to the suffering of this community through their work. Thus, migrant lives were the subject of many Bombay films.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

(c) What led to the major expansion of Bombay’s population in the mid-nineteenth century?

Ans: Bombay took over Surat as the primary western port for the East India Company in the middle of the seventeenth century. It later developed into a prominent administrative and industrial hub by the end of the nineteenth century. Bombay has become a desirable destination for migrants over the years due to the growth in trade, commerce, and job opportunities.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

5. Discuss

What forms of entertainment came up in nineteenth-century England to provide leisure activities for the people?

Ans: There were many different kinds of entertainment that arose in nineteenth-century England.

The annual “London Season” of opera, theatre, and classical music events was one of the upper classes’ leisure activities.
• For the working classes, political action meetings, talks, and pubs served the same function.• Factory workers were encouraged to take beach vacations to replenish their energy after working in a polluted environment.
Libraries, art galleries, and museums were new forms of entertainment made possible by the utilisation of state funds; music halls and movie theatres were also extremely popular with the lower classes.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

Explain the social changes in London which led to the need for the Underground Railway. Why was the development of the Underground criticised?

Ans: In an attempt to relieve traffic in London, suburbs were built, extending the city’s boundaries beyond what people could walk to work. Even though these suburbs had grown, the lack of public transport made it impossible to convince people to live outside the city and far from their places of employment. In order to solve this housing issue, the Underground Railway was constructed. The initial criticism was directed towards it because:

It was called “iron monsters,” which contributed to the chaos in the city;
A newspaper made comments about the risks to one’s health, asphyxiation (loss of oxygen), and heat. Charles Dickens emphasised the destructive nature of construction in his book “Dombey and Son.”• To build two kilometres of railroads, about 900 buildings had to be destroyed.

Explain what is meant by the Haussmanisation of Paris. To what extent would you support or oppose this form of development? Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, to either support or oppose this, giving reasons for your view.

Ans: “Haussmannisation of Paris” refers to the forced reconstruction of towns to impose order and enhance their appearance. The impoverished were moved out of Paris’s centre to improve the city’s aesthetics and lessen the likelihood of a political uprising.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 6

6. To what extent does government regulation and new laws solve problems of pollution? Discuss one example of each of the success and failures of legislation to change the quality of

(a) public life

Ans: The amount of pollution in cities is largely controlled by government regulations. But enacting laws alone is insufficient. They must also be appropriately implemented. It is also a fact that individuals manage to evade legal restrictions. Therefore, the government must actively promote public awareness campaigns in addition to passing legislation to inform the public about the need for and strategies for managing pollution as well as ways that they can enjoy their free time. Furthermore, environmental governance is of interest to them.

(b) Public life:

Failure: Although the Underground train made travel easier, its construction led to the demolition of several homes and the eviction of their occupants.
• Achievement: The British government provided public funds to libraries, museums, and other places of entertainment for the working class.

(b) private life

Ans:

The failure of the Industrial Revolution was that families were forced to live in smaller groups due to the availability of one-room tenements and a shortage of housing. In certain cases, rural dwellers have even been compelled to move away from their families and live alone in urban areas while they are employed.
• Achievement: To address the housing needs of the working classes, British officials built homes in new suburbs.