NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 5

The NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 5 – “The Age of Industrialisation” provide comprehensive answers to all the questions in the chapter. This chapter explores the historical context and impact of industrialization, beginning in Britain and spreading to other parts of the world. It discusses the pre-industrial world, the growth of factories, and the rise of industrial production. The solutions cover topics such as the working conditions in factories, the role of entrepreneurs, and the significance of technological advancements like the spinning jenny and the steam engine.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 5 – The Age of Industrialisation

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 5

Write in Brief

Explain the following:

(a) Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny.

(b) In the seventeenth century merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.

(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.

(d) The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India.

Ans:

(a) Because the Spinning Jenny accelerated the spinning process and lowered the need for labour, British women employees opposed it. Women working in the wool industry had a real fear that this would lead to job loss. So far, they had managed to survive by hand spinning, but the new machine threatened that.

(b) The market, labour, raw materials, and the towns’ commodity manufacturing were under the control of the guild of trade and commerce. This created problems for merchants who wanted to increase production by employing more men. They therefore turned to rural peasants and artisans for assistance.

(c) Due to the growing importance of European companies in India’s trade, Surat’s port collapsed by the end of the eighteenth century. Local courts gave them exclusive trading privileges and a number of concessions. This led to the decline of the traditional ports of Surat and Hooghly, from which the local merchants had been operating.
Local banks went out of business as exports stagnated.

(d) In order to: The English East India Company hired Gomasthas.
• To prevent weavers from interacting with other customers through advances and control;

• To eliminate the need for traders and brokers and establish direct control over the weavers. In this sense, weavers who secured loans and fees ahead of time were subject to the British.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 5

Write True or False against each statement:

(a) At the end of the nineteenth century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.

Ans: False

(b) The international market for fine textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.

Ans: True

(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.

Ans: False.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 5

Explain what is meant by proto-industrialization.

Ans: The term “proto-industrialization” refers to the stage of industrialization that preceded the factory system. Before factories arrived, large-scale industrial manufacturing was taking place for a global market. This phase of the history of industry is known as proto-industrialization.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 5

4. Discuss

Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?

Ans: Some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe preferred manual labour to machinery due to the following reasons:

Machine-made clothing could not satisfy market demands for a broad variety of styles, colours, and types. Detailed patterns and hues could only be produced by human ability.
Nobles and other members of the upper class preferred only handcrafted goods during the Victorian era.
• It was costly, inefficient, challenging to fix, and needed significant capital outlays to operate the machines.
• Labour was easily available at the time for reasonable wages.
• Seasonal businesses only required labour during certain seasons.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 5

How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers?

Ans: A number of techniques were used by the English East India Company to acquire cotton and silk from weavers, such as:

Appointing Gomasthas, or paid supervisors. They also procured supplies and assessed the quality of the cloth made by the weavers.
• Company weavers are kept from doing business with other buyers through an advance and loan system.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 5

Imagine that you have been asked to write an article for an encyclopedia on Britain and the history of cotton. Write your piece using information from the entire chapter.

Ans: In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, traders engaged in textile industry trade with rural populations in Britain. Wool would be bought from a stapler, then transported to spinners, from where the yarn would be delivered to weavers, fullers, and dyers for additional processing. London was the ultimate destination for these items. In British manufacturing history, this era is referred to as proto-industrialization. During this period, factories were not a necessary component of the industry. Rather, there existed a system of trade exchanges.

The initial industrial emblem was cotton. Its output increased at an astonishing rate in the late 1800s. Imports of raw cotton rose sharply from 2.5 million pounds in 1760 to 22 million pounds in 1787. This resulted from the introduction of new machinery and improved management all under one roof, along with the cotton mill. Cotton was the most significant industry in its early years until 1840. Employees in the textile industry responded to most inventions with contempt and disdain because machines meant less manual labour and fewer jobs.A particular creation was the Spinning Jenny. Since it was forcing them out of the labour market, women in the woollen industry were against it and tried to eradicate it.

Prior to advancements in technology, India was a major supplier of cotton and silk to Britain.
Fine Indian textiles were very well-liked in England. Once the East India Company acquired political power, they fully exploited India’s textile industry and weavers for British benefit by using coercion. After that, Manchester emerged as the cotton production hub.
India consequently emerged as a key market for British cotton goods.
In order to meet the demands of the First World War, British factories were too busy producing war material. Consequently, there was a sharp increase in the market for Indian textiles.
Changes in supply and demand have marred the history of cotton in the United Kingdom.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 History Chapter 5

5. Why did industrial production in India increase during the First World War?

Ans: India’s industrial output increased during World War I for the following reasons: • A large number of new workers were hired, and everyone was expected to work longer hours; • The nation’s factories expanded and new ones were established in response to the growing demand for a wider range of products.

• For Indian companies, it was a great chance to introduce their products into the gaps in the Indian market. It was successful to do this. India’s industrial output increased as a consequence.
• Manufacturing and supplying war supplies took precedence over other industries in Britain.
They stopped exporting British clothing and goods to colonial markets like India as a result. The British colonial authorities also demanded jute bags, cloth or army uniforms, tents and leather boots, saddles for horses and mules, and other necessities for fighting.