The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 – Development provides clear and comprehensive answers to all the questions in the chapter. This chapter introduces students to the concept of development, where it is explained as a multi-dimensional idea that varies from person to person. Development involves not just economic growth but also factors like social well-being, equality, and sustainability.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 – Development
- The development of a country can generally be determined by
a) its per capita income
b) its average literacy level
c) health status of its people
d) all of the above
Answer: d. all of the above
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India?
a) Bangladesh
b) Sri Lanka
c) Nepal
d) Pakistan
Answer: b. Sri Lanka
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs. 5000. If the income of three families is Rs. 4,000, Rs. 7,000 and Rs. 3,000, respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
a) Rs. 7,500
b) Rs. 3,000
c) Rs. 2,000
d) Rs. 6,000
Answer: d. Rs. 6,000
(4000+7000+3000+x) ÷ 4 = 5000
14000+x = 5000 × 4
x = 20000-14000
x = 6000
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?
Answer: The per capita income is used by the World Bank to categorise various nations. By dividing the nation’s total income by its population, the per capita income is determined. In 2017, wealthy nations were defined as those with annual per capita incomes of at least $12,056, while low-income nations are those with annual per capita incomes of $955 or less.
The following are the criteria’s limitations:
1.While classifying the countries, other significant factors like healthcare, infant mortality, and literacy rates are disregarded.
2. The World Bank makes no mention of information regarding the uneven distribution of income.
3. The nation’s economy is not the determinant of its development.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
Answer: The World Bank uses a different set of criteria than the UNDP because the latter compares nations according to per capita income, health, and educational attainment of their populations. The World Bank’s approach, on the other hand, measures development solely by calculating per capita income.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.
Answer: Given that populations in different nations vary, estimating the average provides a value that can be used to compare various items at various levels. Because we are unable to determine individual income disparities and the unequal distribution of income within a nation or state, calculating averages has limitations.
The salaries of five individuals in country A are Rs. 23,000, Rs. 22,000, Rs. 23,500, Rs. 28,000, and Rs. 25,000, while those in country B are Rs. 1,50,000, Rs. 22,000, Rs. 50,000, Rs. 4,000, and Rs. 2,500. This is an example of how we calculate the per capita income of two countries, A and B, with five individuals in each. India’s average income is expected to be Rs. 24,300, while India’s average income is expected to be Rs. 45,700. This demonstrates that although country A’s income distribution is uniform, country B’s income distribution differs from that of country A despite the latter having a higher average.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human development ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.
Answer: Kerala outperforms Haryana in terms of human development despite having a lower per capita income. Therefore, it is completely useless to compare states using per capita income as a criterion. This is valid since Kerala has superior healthcare facilities, a lower infant mortality rate, a higher literacy rate, and other factors than Haryana. All other factors being equal, the average state income is the only way to determine the per capita income.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?
Answer: India’s population currently obtains its energy from firewood, coal, petroleum, crude oil, and natural gas. Using solar and wind energy as sources of different forms of energy could be another possibility in fifty years. This is due to the possibility that the energy sources we currently use will deplete natural resources for future generations.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Answer: Using natural resources in a way that allows both current and future generations to use them is known as sustainable development. Development must address the sustainability issue because irresponsible use of natural resources could result in their disappearance for future generations. A nation’s inability to develop can eventually be attributed to its resource depletion.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- “The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person.” How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.
Answer: Development is contingent not only on a nation’s economic conditions but also on the resources that are at the disposal of its citizens. When it comes to a nation’s development, the adage “The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of everyone but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person” is absolutely true because natural resources are non-renewable. People have an obligation to use them to fulfil their needs rather than to indulge their greed. A nation’s development will come to an end if natural resources are not used responsibly today because later generations might not be able to use them for their needs.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Answer: Among the many instances of environmental deterioration we witness every day are:
- Vehicle pollution and excessive fuel consumption in vehicles
2. Industrial waste that is gathered in neighbourhoods and dumped into bodies of water
3. The loss of forests
4. Mining
5. Erosive soil
Climate change, glacier melting, and worsening atmospheric conditions are all consequences of increased pollution in the environment.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
12. For each of the items given in Table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.
Answer: Table 1.6 shows that Sri Lanka is first in each of the four categories. It holds the world records for the highest Gross National Income, Life Expectancy at Birth, Mean Years of Schooling for Individuals Over 25, and HDI Ranking. Out of the mentioned countries, Nepal has the lowest Gross National Income. Pakistan ranks lowest in the world’s Human Development Index and has the lowest life expectancy at birth among the listed nations. For individuals 25 years of age and older, Myanmar and Nepal have the lowest mean years of schooling.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
- The following table shows the proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2015-16. Look at the table and answer the following questions.
| State | Male | Female |
| Kerala
Karnataka Madhya Pradesh |
8.5
17 28 |
10
21 28 |
| All States | 20 | 23 |
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
14. Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
Answer: Those living in Kerala have better nutritional status than those in Madhya Pradesh.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
15. Can you guess why around one-fifth of people in the country are undernourished even though it is argued that there is enough food in the country? Describe in your own words.
Answer: Despite claims that the nation has enough food, one-fifth of the population suffers from undernourishment for the following reasons:
1. The difference in the Public Distribution System’s (PDS) food grain distribution.
2. The nation’s impoverished population cannot afford wholesome food.
3. People who are less educated become unemployed, which makes it difficult for them to pay for food—a basic human need.
4. The fixed-price stores do not distribute rations properly.
NCERT Solution For Class 10 Economics Chapter 1
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CHAPTER 2 – Sectors of the Indian Economy
CHAPTER 4 – Globalisation and the Indian Economy