NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

Gender, Religion, and Caste

Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.

Answer.

In India, women face discrimination and disadvantage in the following ways:
Textbook knowledge Women’s literacy rates are 65.46 percent, while men’s rates are 82.14 percent.This indicates that the disparity in the literacy rates between men and women has not closed since independence.

Further education In comparison to boys, fewer girls choose to pursue higher education after school because they are more likely to drop out. This is due to the fact that, as is common in the case of boys, parents do not want to invest their financial resources in a girl’s education.

Well paid positions – Women continue to make up a smaller percentage of workers in well paid positions than do men. An Indian woman typically works one hour longer a day than a man does. But since a large portion of her labour is unpaid, it is frequently undervalued.

Equal pay for equal work is mandated by the Equal Remuneration Act of 1976. Nonetheless, women are paid less than men in practically every industry, including manufacturing, sports, film, and the fields, even when they perform the exact same tasks.
b. The 2019 sex ratio for India is 107.48, or 107.48 men for every 100 females.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

2. State different forms of communal politics with one example each.

Answer. Various forms of community politics exist, including:
A belief in one’s own religion’s superiority over other religions, religious prejudices, and stereotypes of religious communities are examples of communalism. Say, radical Islamic organisations.
b. The attempt by one religion to overrule another in politics within a community. Majoritarianism is the form it takes. Consider the religious divide that exists between political parties.

c. Religiously motivated political mobilisation is another common instance of communalism. As an illustration, hate speech becomes more visible during elections and exposes communalism.
d. Political communalism also takes the form of communal violence. For instance, religious sentiment-based riots.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.

Answer. As per the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), the current caste disparities in India are reflected in the following evidence:
a. The average economic standing of caste groups is still determined by traditional metrics such as monthly consumption expenditure, with the ‘upper’ castes enjoying the highest standard of living, the Dalits and Adivasis enjoying the lowest, and the lower classes falling somewhere in between.
b. While every caste includes some impoverished individuals, the percentage of people living in extreme poverty—below the official “poverty line”—varies greatly amongst the lowest and upper castes, with the backward classes falling somewhere in between.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.

Answer. There are two arguments that caste is insufficient to predict election outcomes in India. These are as follows:
A majority of a single caste does not exist in any parliamentary constituency in India. To win elections, a candidate or party must therefore gain the support of multiple castes and communities.
b. No party receives the support of every voter in a caste or community. It usually indicates that a sizable percentage of voters from that caste support that party when someone refers to caste as a “vote bank” for that party.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?

Answer. In both rural and urban local bodies, there are over ten lakh elected women representatives. Similar demands for a minimum of one-third of the seats in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies to be reserved for women have been made by women’s organisations and activists. The Parliament has been considering a bill containing this proposal for over ten years. However, no political party has a unified position on this matter. The legislation is still pending.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.

Answer. A person has the unalienable right to practise, profess, and spread any religion, according to the fundamental right to religious freedom.
b. One of the fundamental rights to equality clauses of the constitution prohibits discrimination on the basis of religion.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:

Biological differences between men and women
Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women
Unequal child sex ratio
Absence of voting rights for women in democracies

Answer.

(b) Unequal roles assigned by society to men and women

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

In India, seats are reserved for women in

Lok Sabha
State legislative assemblies
Cabinets
Panchayati Raj bodies

Answer.

(d) Panchayati Raj bodies

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that:

One religion is superior to that of others.
People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others. Which of the statements is/are correct?

A, B, C, and D
A, B, and D
A and C
B and D

Answer.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It

prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
gives official status to one religion.
provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion.
ensures equality of citizens within religious communities.

Answer.

(b) gives official status to one religion.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

Social divisions based on _________ are peculiar to India.

Answer.

Social divisions based on caste are peculiar to India.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:

	List I	List II
1.	A person who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men	A. Communalist
2.	A person who says that religion is the principal basis of community	B. Feminist
3.	A person who thinks that caste is the principal basis of community	C. Secularist
4.	A person who does not discriminate others on the basis of religious beliefs	D. Castiest