NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 3

Democracy and Diversity

Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.

Answer. There are three factors that influence the politics of social divisions:

People’s perceptions of their identities influence the outcome. It is very difficult to accommodate people who see their identities in terms that are exclusive and singular.
b. It all depends on how political leaders present the concerns of their respective communities. It is simpler to grant requests that do not jeopardise the interests of another community and fall within the purview of the constitution.
c. How the government responds to the demands of various groups will determine this.
When does a social difference become a social division?

Answer. When one social difference overlaps with another difference, social division occurs. When people feel that they belong to different communities and one type of social difference becomes more significant than the other, situations like this one lead to social divisions. Overlapping differences are the distinctions that eventually give rise to social divisions.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 3

How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.

Answer. Competition between different political parties is a feature of democracy. Any society is apt to become divided by their rivalry. Competition based on preexisting social divisions can turn social divisions into political divisions, which can result in conflict, violence, or even the breakup of a nation. This has taken place in numerous nations:

There has been severe and violent ethnopolitical conflict in North Ireland. The nation’s population is divided into two major Christian sects: Roman Catholics (44%) and Protestants (53%). Nationalist parties, who advocated for the unification of Northern Ireland with the predominantly Catholic Republic of Ireland, represented the Catholic community. Unionists stood in for the Protestants, wanting to stay in the largely Protestant United Kingdom. Numerous civilian casualties resulted from social conflicts sparked by the conflict between the Unionists and Nationalists.
The breakup of Yugoslavia into six independent nations was caused by political rivalry along religious and ethnic lines.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 3

4.________________ social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. ___________________ social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.

Answer.

Overlapping social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. Cross-cutting social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 3

In dealing with social divisions which one of the following statements is NOT correct about democracy?

Due to political competition in a democracy, social divisions get reflected in politics.
In a democracy, it is possible for communities to voice their grievances in a peaceful manner.
Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity.
Democracy always leads to the disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.

Answer.

Democracy always leads to the disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.
Consider the following three statements.

Social divisions take place when social differences overlap.
It is possible that a person can have multiple identities.
Social divisions exist in only big countries like India.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 3

Which of the statements is/are correct?

A, B and C
A and B
B and C
Only C

Answer.

(b) A and B

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 3

Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence and select the right answers by using the code given below.

But all political expression of social divisions need not be always dangerous.
Social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most countries.
Parties try to win political support by appealing to social divisions.
Some social differences may result in social divisions.

a) D, B, C, A
b) D, B, A, C
c) D, A, C, B
d) A, B, C, D

Answer.

(a) D, B, C, A

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 3

8.Among the following, which country suffered disintegration due to political fights on the basis of religious and ethnic identities?

Belgium
India
Yugoslavia
Netherlands

Answer.

NCERT Solution For Class 10 Civics Chapter 3

Read the following passage from a famous speech by Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963. Which social division is he talking about? What are his aspirations and anxieties? Do you see a relationship between this speech and the incident in Mexico Olympics mentioned in this chapter?

“I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. Let freedom ring. And when this happens, and when we allow freedom ring—when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children—black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics—will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual:

‘Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!’ I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal’.”

Answer.In his remarks, Martin Luther King Jr. alludes to the segregationist practices of white people against people of colour. It is the cause of the social divide between the two communities, he said. His hope was that society would become more stable and that various groups could coexist harmoniously. Racial abuse would not occur in his ideal non-racial society. His desire was for the communities to treat one another with dignity and without prejudice based on race.
Insofar as both his speech and the incident at the Mexico Olympics represent a stance against the predicament of African Americans, the answer is yes.