NCERT Solution For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1
The Story of Village Palampur
1. Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.
(a) Location
Ans: Bulandshahr district, Western Uttar Pradesh
(b) Total Area of the Village
Ans: 226 hectares
(c) Land Use(in hectares)
Ans: Cultivated Land not available for cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground)
200 hectares –26 hectares
(d) Facilities:
Ans:
Educational: There are two primary schools and one high school in Palampur.
Medical: A primary health centre was run by the government, also there was a private dispensary to treat sick people.
Market: Raiganj and Shahpur
Communication: Well-connected with neighbouring villages and towns. 3 kms from Palampur.
Electricity Supply: Most of the houses had electric connections and it was also used to run the tube wells in fields.
Nearest Town: Raiganj, because many roads are connected to the Raiganj and to Shahpur.
NCERT Solution For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1
2.Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?
Ans: Yes, modern farming methods make use of a greater number of industrial outputs as compared to traditional farming methods. Modern farming methods make use of high-yielding seeds. These seeds require pesticides and chemical fertilisers, equipment of agriculture which are manufactured in industries like tractors, and advanced irrigation facilities like electric tube wells in order to produce the best results.
3. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?
Ans: The spread of electricity has helped the farmers of Palampur:
- Almost every household has an electric supply.
- Electric supply was used for tube wells to run it in agricultural fields.
- Electricity is also used in small business’s activities.
4.Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?
Ans: In India, nearly two-thirds of the people are dependent on farming. From that total cultivated area in the country, less than 40% is irrigated. In the other areas, farming is dependent on rainfall which is not regular. Modern farming methods are really difficult to apply in the presence of inadequate water supplies. India cannot achieve self- sufficiency in food grains until land is increased for the use of irrigation.
NCERT Solution For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1
5.Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.
Ans:
| No. of Families of Palampur | Land in hectares |
| 150 Families | No land |
| 240 Families | Less than 2 hectares |
| 60 Families | More than 2 hectares |
| Total: 450 Families |
6.Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?
Ans: In Palampur farm workers used to get less wages than the minimum wages fixed by the government. The minimum wages for a farm labourer are fixed at Rs 115 per day, but the farm labourers only get Rs. 70 – 80, since there was heavy competition for work among the farm labourers.
NCERT Solution For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1
7.In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?
Ans: The labourers working at construction sites, get daily wages Rs. 600 per day. They are paid in cash, for regular work. They don’t have any debt.
8.What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.
Ans: The different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land are:
- Multiple Cropping: The most common method of growing the production on a given piece of land. Here, more than one crop is grown on the same piece of land. Indian farmers grow at least more than two main crops in a year.
- Modern Farming Methods: Modern farming consists of cultivable areas where HYV seeds and irrigation are used there. The use of simple wooden plough is replaced by tractors and fertilizers or pesticides are used.
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9.Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.
Ans: A farmer with one hectare of land is in the category of small farmer. Most of the work is done by the farmer and his family members. The farmer will use a pair of bullocks to plough the field. His family members will assist him in sowing the seeds. During harvest time, he may need a few labourers.
NCERT Solution For Class 9 Economics Chapter 1
10.How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
Ans: By selling farm produce medium and large farmers usually produce surplus cash. Because they have land and a house, getting a loan from banks is very easy. Small farmers may not be able to get bank loans. They have to depend on the moneylender and local merchant for a loan.
11.On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tajpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?
Ans: Savita needed money for buying pesticides, seeds and fertilisers, and water for irrigation. She required money for the repairing of her farm instruments. Hence, she decided to borrow money from Tejpal Singh, who was a large farmer in her village. Tejpal Singh convinced to give the loan of Rs. 3000 at an interest rate of 24% for four months. He agreed with Savita to work on his field during the harvest season for Rs. 35 a day.
If Savita would have borrowed the loan from the bank, then her condition would have been better. Banks provide loans at low interest rates. Moreover, Savita should have devoted more time to her own field instead of working for Tejpal Singh as farm labourer.
12.Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years.
Ans: In the past 30 years, there were many changes in terms of irrigation and production methods. For irrigation, instead of canals, tube wells are being used for water supply. Many electric pumps replaced other old systems. Instead of bullocks, now tractors are being used for larger farms.
13.What are the non-farm production activities taking place in your region? Make a short list.
Ans: The non-farm production activities taking place in our region are:
- General Stores
- Dairy
- Transportation
- Fishing
14.What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages?
Ans: Three things that need to be done to encourage non-farm production activities in villages:
- The government can bring new schemes to landless labourers and small farmers, who are able to get loans at cheaper rates to start small individual/community businesses.
- From financial assistance, the government should set up rural workshops to enable the villagers to build on their skill levels.
- The government needs to work towards improving the infrastructure of villages, this will help the rural parts of the country to get connected with urban parts.